What Is the New Madrid Fault Called?

By Alice Nichols

The New Madrid Fault, also called the New Madrid Seismic Zone, is a region of seismic activity that is located in the central United States. This fault system is named after the town of New Madrid, Missouri, which was the site of three large earthquakes that occurred in 1811 and 1812.

What is the New Madrid Fault?

The New Madrid Fault is a series of faults that run through parts of Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee. This fault system is unique because it is not located near a tectonic plate boundary like most other fault systems. Instead, it is located in the middle of the North American Plate.

Why is the New Madrid Fault important?

The New Madrid Fault has produced some of the largest earthquakes ever recorded in North America. The three earthquakes that occurred in 1811 and 1812 are estimated to have been between magnitude 7.5 and 8.0 on the Richter scale. These earthquakes were so strong that they caused the Mississippi River to flow backwards temporarily.

If a similar earthquake were to occur today, it could have devastating consequences for the region. The area around the fault system is densely populated and contains several major cities including Memphis and St. Louis.

What Are Scientists Saying About the Future?

Scientists continue to study this area to better understand its potential for future seismic activity. While there is no way to predict when an earthquake will occur, researchers believe that another large earthquake along this fault system is inevitable.

In fact, according to a report by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), there is a 7-10% chance of a magnitude 7 or greater earthquake occurring in this region within the next 50 years.

How Can You Prepare?

If you live in or near this region, it’s important to be prepared for a potential earthquake. Here are some steps you can take to prepare:

  • Have an emergency kit with food, water, and supplies for at least three days.
  • Create an emergency plan with your family that includes a meeting place and contact information.
  • Secure heavy items in your home such as bookcases, refrigerators, and televisions.
  • Know how to turn off your gas, water, and electricity in case of an emergency.

The Bottom Line

The New Madrid Fault may not be as well-known as other fault systems like the San Andreas Fault, but it is still a significant seismic hazard for the central United States. By taking steps to prepare for a potential earthquake, you can help keep yourself and your family safe in the event of a disaster.