When Was Rome First Called the Eternal City?

By Robert Palmer

When Was Rome First Called the Eternal City?

Rome, the capital city of Italy, has a rich and fascinating history that stretches back over two and a half millennia. It has been a center of power, culture, and influence for centuries.

One of the most enduring nicknames for Rome is “The Eternal City.” But when was Rome first called the Eternal City? Let’s delve into the origins of this famous epithet.

The Origins

The title “The Eternal City” was not bestowed upon Rome until ancient times. The phrase originated from the Latin phrase “Urbs Aeterna.” The concept behind calling Rome eternal stems from its significance as an enduring symbol of power and civilization.

Ancient Roman Literature

The earliest known use of the term “Eternal City” can be traced back to ancient Roman literature. The famous poet Tibullus, who lived during the Augustan age (around 55 BC to 19 BC), first referred to Rome as “Urbs Aeterna” in one of his love elegies.

However, it was not until later works by other renowned Roman authors that this nickname gained popularity and became widely associated with Rome. Writers such as Ovid, Martial, and Virgil often used this appellation to describe the grandeur and timelessness of the city.

Religious Significance

Rome’s association with eternity also has religious connotations. In ancient Roman religion, there was a belief that as long as Rome existed, so would its empire. This idea tied in with their belief in immortality and divine providence.

Furthermore, the Romans considered their city to be favored by the gods due to its founding myths and historical importance. They believed that their gods had blessed Rome, ensuring its perpetuity as a dominant force in the world.

The Modern Usage

The term “The Eternal City” continued to be used throughout history, even after the fall of the Roman Empire. It gained renewed popularity during the Renaissance, when Rome experienced a cultural revival and became a hub of art, architecture, and intellectual pursuits.

Today, “The Eternal City” is a beloved moniker for Rome and is widely recognized around the world. It serves as a testament to the city’s enduring legacy and its ability to captivate people with its timeless beauty and historical significance.

In Conclusion

Rome’s claim to being called “The Eternal City” dates back to ancient times. The phrase has its roots in Latin literature and was further reinforced by religious beliefs surrounding Rome’s immortality. Today, this epithet serves as a powerful reminder of Rome’s historical importance and its status as an iconic global destination.