Who Was Present at the Second Defenestration of Prague?

By Robert Palmer

The Second Defenestration of Prague was a significant event that took place on May 23, 1618. It marked a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt, a conflict between the Protestant nobles and the Catholic Habsburg rulers. This event is often remembered for its dramatic nature, involving the throwing of Catholic officials out of a window at Prague Castle.

Background:

To understand who was present at the Second Defenestration of Prague, it is essential to grasp the political and religious tensions that existed at that time. In the late 16th century, Bohemia experienced religious conflicts between Protestants and Catholics, with both factions vying for control.

The Protestant Bohemian Estates:

The main instigators of this event were the Protestant Bohemian Estates. The Estates were comprised of representatives from various noble families who sought to defend their rights and religious freedom against the encroachments of Catholicism.

The Catholic Officials:

On the other side were the Catholic officials appointed by Emperor Ferdinand II, who aimed to reestablish Catholic dominance in Bohemia. The most notable individuals among them were:

  • Wilhelm Slavata: Slavata served as a royal councilor and was known for his staunchly pro-Catholic stance.
  • Jaroslav Borzita von Martinic: Martinic was another influential Catholic official who strongly opposed Protestantism.

The Event:

The Second Defenestration of Prague occurred during a meeting held at Prague Castle between representatives of both sides. Frustrated by their lack of progress in negotiations, a group of Protestant nobles took matters into their own hands.

According to historical accounts, the Protestants accused Slavata and Martinic of violating their religious rights. In response, they were seized by the angry mob and thrown out of a window on the third floor of Prague Castle. Remarkably, both men survived the fall, which was attributed to a pile of manure breaking their fall.

Aftermath:

The Second Defenestration of Prague had far-reaching consequences. It triggered the Bohemian Revolt, with the Protestant nobles formally electing Frederick V as their king. This event also marked the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War, a conflict that engulfed Europe and reshaped its political and religious landscape.

In conclusion, the Second Defenestration of Prague involved key figures from both Protestant and Catholic factions. It was a pivotal moment in history that ultimately led to widespread conflict and forever changed the course of Central European politics.