What Did Rome Call China?
The ancient civilizations of Rome and China were two of the most powerful and influential empires in history. While they were separated by vast distances, their interactions were not unheard of. The Silk Road, a network of trade routes that connected the East and the West, allowed for cultural exchange and contact between these great empires.
The Encounter
During the reign of the Han Dynasty in China (206 BCE – 220 CE), a significant encounter took place between Rome and China. Records from this time suggest that there was awareness of each other’s existence, but the precise details remain somewhat elusive.
Rome’s Perspective
In ancient Rome, China was known as “Seres” or “Serica.” The term “Seres” is derived from the Greek word “Serikos,” meaning silk.
This reflects Rome’s fascination with the luxurious silk fabric that was highly sought-after in their society. Romans believed that silk came from a mysterious land located far to the East, which they associated with China.
China’s Perspective
In Chinese records, there are references to a distant empire called “Da Qin,” which is widely believed to refer to ancient Rome. The Chinese descriptions of Da Qin depict it as a wealthy and advanced civilization located in the Western regions. These accounts mention mutual gifts exchanged between Da Qin and China, indicating some level of diplomatic relations.
Historical Evidence
The primary historical evidence for these interactions comes from written records left behind by both societies.
- Roman Accounts: Roman historian Pliny the Elder mentioned Seres extensively in his writings, describing them as skilled silk producers who lived beyond India.
- Chinese Records: The “Book of the Later Han” is a Chinese historical text that mentions the arrival of envoys from Da Qin in the year 166 CE. These envoys presented gifts such as exotic animals and rare goods to the Han court.
The Silk Road
The Silk Road played a crucial role in facilitating these interactions. It was not only a trade route but also a conduit for cultural exchange, ideas, and knowledge between East and West. It allowed for the transmission of goods, technologies, religions, and much more.
Legacy
The contact between Rome and China left a lasting impact on both civilizations. The exchange of goods and ideas enriched their respective cultures, leading to advancements in various fields such as art, technology, and philosophy.
In conclusion, Rome referred to China as “Seres” or “Serica,” associated with the luxurious silk fabric that originated from the East. Conversely, China referred to Rome as “Da Qin,” recognizing it as a wealthy civilization located in the Western regions.
The historical evidence for these interactions comes from written records found in both societies. The Silk Road played a vital role in connecting these empires and fostering cultural exchange. Ultimately, these encounters left an enduring legacy on both civilizations.