The evening meal in ancient Rome was known as “cena” and was an important part of Roman culture and society. It was a time for families to come together and enjoy a leisurely meal after a long day of work or study.
The Structure of Cena
Cena was typically divided into two main courses, known as gustatio (appetizer) and mensa prima (main course). The appetizer consisted of small dishes and finger foods that were meant to stimulate the appetite.
Mensa prima, on the other hand, was the main course of the evening meal. It usually included several dishes, such as meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, and desserts. Roman cuisine was diverse and influenced by various cultures, including Greek, Egyptian, and Middle Eastern.
Dining Customs
Dining in ancient Rome was not just about satisfying hunger; it was a social event with its own customs and etiquette. Here are some interesting facts about Roman dining customs:
- Togas: Romans often wore togas during formal dinner parties to symbolize their social status. Togas were considered elegant attire for such occasions.
- Triclinium: Meals were usually served in a triclinium, a dining room with three couches arranged around a low table.
Guests would recline on these couches while enjoying their meals.
- Washing Hands: Before sitting down to eat, it was customary for guests to wash their hands as a sign of cleanliness.
- Servants: Wealthy Romans had slaves or servants who would attend to their guests’ needs during the meal. They would serve the food, pour wine, and provide entertainment.
Popular Roman Dishes
Roman cuisine was known for its variety and richness. Here are some popular dishes that were commonly served during cena:
- Apicius: Apicius was a renowned Roman gourmet and author of a famous cookbook. His recipes included dishes like stuffed dormice, roasted peacock, and wild boar.
- Pottage: Pottage was a common dish made from various ingredients such as vegetables, meat, and grains cooked together in a broth.
- Garum: Garum was a popular fish sauce used in Roman cooking. It added a unique flavor to many dishes and was considered a delicacy.
The Importance of Cena
Cena held great significance in ancient Rome beyond just being a mealtime ritual. It served as an opportunity for families to bond, discuss important matters, and strengthen social ties. It was also a way for the wealthy to display their wealth and hospitality by hosting lavish dinner parties.
In conclusion, cena was not just an evening meal in ancient Rome; it was an integral part of Roman culture and society. From its structure to its customs and popular dishes, dining in Rome was an experience that brought people together and showcased the richness of Roman cuisine.