How Long Did Rome Occupy Jerusalem?
In the long and complex history of Jerusalem, one significant period stands out – the occupation of the city by the powerful Roman Empire. Rome’s involvement in Jerusalem had a profound impact on the city’s culture, religion, and political landscape.
This article delves into the question: How long did Rome occupy Jerusalem?
The Roman Conquest
The Roman conquest of Jerusalem took place in 63 BCE when General Pompey captured the city. This marked the end of Jewish independence and the beginning of Roman rule over Jerusalem.
The Romans saw Jerusalem as a strategic location due to its religious significance and its position as a crossroad between major trade routes.
Herod’s Reign
Following Pompey’s conquest, Rome appointed Herod the Great as king of Judea in 37 BCE. Herod was known for his ambitious building projects, including significant renovations to the Second Temple in Jerusalem.
His reign lasted until his death in 4 BCE.
The Destruction of Jerusalem
The most crucial event during Rome’s occupation of Jerusalem was undoubtedly the destruction of the city in 70 CE. After several Jewish uprisings against Roman rule, Emperor Titus led his legions to crush the rebellion and lay siege to Jerusalem.
The result was devastating – widespread destruction, including the complete demolition of Herod’s grand temple.
The Siege and Fall of Masada
After their victory in Jerusalem, Roman forces turned their attention to Masada – an ancient fortification located near the Dead Sea. The Siege of Masada lasted from 73 to 74 CE and ended with a tragic outcome.
Rather than surrendering to Rome, Jewish rebels chose mass suicide, preferring death over enslavement.
The End of Roman Rule
While Rome continued to exert control over Jerusalem, the city underwent significant changes. The Romans built a new city on the ruins of Jerusalem, which they named Aelia Capitolina.
They also erected pagan temples and prohibited Jews from entering the city except for one day a year. However, in 324 CE, Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity, leading to a more favorable treatment of Christians and an eventual decline in Roman influence.
The Byzantine Era
After the fall of Rome, Jerusalem came under Byzantine rule. The Byzantines brought about a period of religious transformation and constructed numerous churches across the city.
Notably, they built the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at the site traditionally believed to be where Jesus was crucified and buried.
- Rome occupied Jerusalem for approximately 614 years, from 63 BCE to 324 CE.
- Herod’s reign lasted for around 33 years.
- The destruction of Jerusalem occurred in 70 CE.
- The Siege of Masada took place from 73 to 74 CE.
In conclusion, Rome’s occupation of Jerusalem spanned several centuries and left an indelible mark on the city’s history. From Pompey’s conquest to Herod’s grand projects and ultimately the destruction of Jerusalem, Rome’s presence shaped the destiny of this ancient city.