The Roman Empire was a dominant force in the ancient world, and its influence extended far and wide. One area that fell under Roman control was the land of Israel.
But how long did Rome actually rule over Israel? Let’s delve into the history and find out.
Rome’s Arrival in Israel
Rome first entered the historical stage in Israel during the 1st century BCE. In 63 BCE, General Pompey captured Jerusalem and brought it under Roman control. This marked the beginning of Roman rule over Israel, which lasted for several centuries.
Herod the Great
One significant figure during this period was Herod the Great, who ruled as a client king under Roman authority. Herod was appointed as king of Judea by the Roman Senate in 37 BCE and remained in power until his death in 4 BCE. Although he ruled with Rome’s approval, Herod embraced Hellenistic culture and undertook massive building projects throughout his kingdom.
The Jewish Revolt
Tensions between the Jewish population and their Roman rulers eventually led to a full-scale rebellion known as the Jewish Revolt. The revolt began in 66 CE and lasted for four years. Led by various factions, including the Zealots, Jewish rebels fought against Roman forces.
The Destruction of Jerusalem
In 70 CE, after a long and brutal siege, Rome finally crushed the rebellion by capturing Jerusalem. The city was devastated, and its magnificent temple was destroyed – an event that had profound implications for both Judaism and Christianity.
The Aftermath
Following the destruction of Jerusalem, Rome continued to exert control over Israel for many years. However, direct Roman rule gradually diminished as Byzantine influence grew stronger in the region during the 4th century CE.
Conclusion
In summary, Rome ruled over Israel for several centuries, starting with the capture of Jerusalem by General Pompey in 63 BCE. The reign of Herod the Great as a client king under Roman authority was a significant period during this time.
The Jewish Revolt and the subsequent destruction of Jerusalem marked a turning point in Roman rule, but their influence persisted until the rise of Byzantine power.