How Long Did Rome Rule Jerusalem?
The rule of Rome over Jerusalem was a significant period in the history of both the Roman Empire and the city of Jerusalem. It began with the Roman conquest of Judea in 63 BCE and lasted for several centuries until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE.
Roman Conquest of Judea
In 63 BCE, the Roman general Pompey entered Jerusalem, effectively bringing an end to Hasmonean rule over Judea. This marked the beginning of Roman dominance in the region.
Impact on Jerusalem
The Romans established a new political structure in Jerusalem, appointing a governor known as a procurator to oversee Judea. However, they allowed the Jewish people to continue practicing their religion and maintain their own religious leaders, such as high priests.
Herod the Great
One of the most influential figures during this period was Herod the Great. He was appointed as king by the Romans in 37 BCE and ruled over Judea until his death in 4 BCE.
Building Projects
Herod undertook ambitious building projects in Jerusalem, including expanding and renovating the Second Temple. This expansion project resulted in one of the most iconic structures in ancient history – Herod’s Temple.
The First Jewish-Roman War
In 66 CE, tensions between Rome and Jerusalem escalated into open rebellion. This conflict, known as The First Jewish-Roman War or The Great Revolt, lasted from 66 to 73 CE.
Siege of Jerusalem
- Rome besieged Jerusalem for several months, ultimately breaching its walls in 70 CE.
- The Romans destroyed the Second Temple, leaving only the Western Wall standing, which remains a significant religious site for Jews today.
Aftermath and Later Periods
Following the First Jewish-Roman War, Rome maintained control over Jerusalem and Judea. The city was incorporated into the Roman province of Syria Palaestina and became a center of Roman administration.
Bar Kokhba Revolt
In 132 CE, another major Jewish rebellion known as the Bar Kokhba Revolt broke out against Roman rule. This revolt was ultimately crushed by the Romans, resulting in further devastation for Jerusalem.
The Fall of Rome and Jerusalem
The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE did not immediately lead to an end to Roman rule over Jerusalem. The Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, continued to control the city.
Islamic Conquest
In 638 CE, Jerusalem was conquered by Muslim forces led by Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab. This marked the beginning of Islamic rule over the city and a new chapter in its history.
In conclusion, Rome ruled over Jerusalem for several centuries starting from 63 BCE until its fall in 476 CE. This period witnessed significant events such as the Roman conquest, Herod’s rule and building projects, The First Jewish-Roman War, and later revolts. Understanding this period is crucial to comprehending the historical significance of both Rome and Jerusalem.