How Many Died in the New Madrid Earthquake?

By Anna Duncan

On the morning of December 16, 1811, the central United States was rocked by a series of massive earthquakes that forever changed the landscape and caused significant damage to several states. The New Madrid earthquake, named after the town in Missouri at its epicenter, was one of the deadliest natural disasters in American history. But just how many people died in this catastrophic event?

The Power of the New Madrid Earthquake

The New Madrid earthquake was actually a series of four major tremors that occurred between December 16, 1811, and February 7, 1812. These quakes were estimated to have a magnitude of between 7.5 and 7.9 on the Richter scale and were felt across an area of over 1 million square miles.

The Devastation in Missouri

The town of New Madrid, Missouri was at ground zero for these earthquakes and experienced significant devastation. Buildings were destroyed or severely damaged, and many residents were injured or killed. Reports from the time indicate that up to two-thirds of the town’s residents were either killed or had to flee their homes due to the destruction.

How Many People Died?

It is difficult to get an accurate count of exactly how many people died as a result of these earthquakes due to a lack of reliable record-keeping from that time period. However, estimates suggest that anywhere from several dozen to a few hundred people may have lost their lives.

The Difficulty in Determining Exact Numbers

One reason it is challenging to determine precisely how many people died is that much of the affected area was sparsely populated at that time. Additionally, there were no official census records or death certificates kept in many areas during this period.

Another factor contributing to the uncertainty surrounding death toll numbers is that some deaths may not have occurred immediately after the earthquakes but rather as a result of injuries sustained during the events. It is also possible that some deaths were not recorded or reported due to the chaos and confusion that followed the earthquakes.

The Impact of the New Madrid Earthquake

Despite the difficulty in determining exact numbers, there is no doubt that the New Madrid earthquake was a significant event in American history. It forever changed the landscape of the central United States, creating new lakes and altering river courses. The quakes were felt as far away as Washington D.C., Charleston, South Carolina, and even Canada.

While we may never know precisely how many people lost their lives during this catastrophic event, what is clear is that the New Madrid earthquake had a profound impact on those who lived through it. Its legacy lives on as a reminder of both the power and unpredictability of nature.