How Much of Rome Was Destroyed in the Fire?
The Great Fire of Rome is one of the most infamous events in ancient history. It occurred during the reign of Emperor Nero in 64 AD and is said to have lasted for six days and seven nights. The fire devastated much of the city, but just how much of Rome was destroyed?
The Extent of the Destruction
Historical accounts vary regarding the exact extent of the damage caused by the Great Fire of Rome. While some sources claim that only a small portion of the city was affected, others suggest that a significant part was left in ruins.
The Official Version
Nero, who was blamed for starting the fire, reportedly blamed a group called Christians for its outbreak, using them as scapegoats to divert attention away from himself. According to Tacitus, an ancient Roman historian, Nero seized this opportunity to rebuild Rome according to his own vision.
According to Tacitus’ account, only four of Rome’s fourteen districts were completely destroyed: Esquiline, Caelian, Palatine, and Aventine. Three districts – Trans-Tiberim (Trastevere), Quirinalis (Quirinal), and Viminalis (Viminal) – suffered partial damage. The remaining districts were untouched or minimally affected.
Alternative Views
However, some historians argue that Tacitus’ account may have been influenced by political motivations or his own biases against Nero. Other sources suggest that up to two-thirds of Rome may have been destroyed by the fire.
- Suetonius claims that only four houses remained standing in one district after the fire.
- Dio Cassius states that only four houses on the Palatine Hill survived.
- Pliny the Elder mentions that vast areas, including temples and public buildings, were reduced to ashes.
These alternative accounts paint a much bleaker picture of the destruction caused by the fire.
The Aftermath
Regardless of the exact extent of the damage, the Great Fire of Rome had a profound impact on the city and its people. Many lost their homes, businesses, and livelihoods. The fire also provided Nero with an opportunity to reshape Rome to his liking, leading to grand architectural projects such as the construction of Nero’s Domus Aurea (Golden House).
It is important to note that while Nero may have taken advantage of the fire for his own gain, there is no concrete evidence supporting the claim that he intentionally started it. The true cause of the Great Fire of Rome remains a subject of speculation and debate.
In Conclusion
The extent of the destruction caused by the Great Fire of Rome is still a matter of historical debate. While Tacitus’ account suggests that only a portion of Rome was destroyed, alternative sources paint a more severe picture.
The fire undoubtedly had a lasting impact on Rome and its inhabitants, both physically and politically. The legacy of this tragic event continues to captivate historians and scholars alike.