The Great Smog of London was one of the deadliest environmental disasters in history. It occurred in December 1952, when a combination of weather conditions and pollution from coal-burning power plants caused a thick layer of smog to settle over the city for five days. Here, we’ll take a look at how this disaster was fixed.
The Effects of the Great Smog
The Great Smog had severe consequences for the people of London. It caused respiratory problems, eye irritation, and even death.
In total, it is estimated that around 12,000 people died as a result of the smog. This disaster highlighted the need for action to be taken to improve air quality in cities.
Immediate Measures
In response to the Great Smog, immediate measures were taken to tackle the problem. The government set up an inquiry into the disaster and introduced legislation to combat air pollution. This included restrictions on coal burning and increased investment in cleaner energy sources.
Clean Air Act
The Clean Air Act was passed in 1956 as a direct response to the Great Smog. This act gave local authorities greater powers to control air pollution by imposing smokeless zones and regulating emissions from factories and power plants.
Improvements in Energy Sources
As part of efforts to address air pollution, there was a shift towards cleaner energy sources such as natural gas and nuclear power. By 1971, coal only accounted for 29% of UK electricity generation compared with 97% in 1950.
Long-Term Effects
The measures taken following the Great Smog had long-term effects on air quality in London and beyond. Air quality gradually improved over time as restrictions on coal burning and emissions were tightened.
The End of Coal Burning
In April 2021, the UK went a full month without burning coal for electricity for the first time since the Industrial Revolution. This marks a significant milestone in efforts to reduce air pollution and tackle climate change.
Improved Air Quality
Today, London’s air quality is significantly better than it was in the 1950s. However, there is still work to be done. In 2020, London breached its annual air pollution limit just five days into the year.
Conclusion
The Great Smog of London was a tragic event that had severe consequences for the people of London. However, it also led to significant changes that have improved air quality and reduced emissions not only in London but across the UK. It serves as a reminder of the importance of taking action to address environmental problems and protect public health.
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