What Are Equites in Rome?

By Robert Palmer

What Are Equites in Rome?

The equites, also known as the equestrian order, were a prestigious social class in ancient Rome. They were the second highest class after the senatorial order and played a crucial role in Roman society and politics. In this article, we will explore who the equites were, their privileges and responsibilities, and their significance in Roman history.

Origin of the Equites

The origins of the equites can be traced back to the early days of Rome when it was still a kingdom. Initially, they were a cavalry force composed of wealthy citizens who could afford horses for military service. As Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic, the equites continued to hold an esteemed position due to their valuable contribution to warfare.

Privileges and Responsibilities

Membership in the equestrian order came with several privileges. Equites had access to certain political positions and held significant economic advantages over other classes. They enjoyed exemption from certain taxes and were granted lucrative contracts by the state for public projects such as tax collection or managing public buildings.

Beyond their material benefits, equites also had specific responsibilities assigned to them. The most prominent duty was serving in the Roman cavalry during times of war. They formed an elite force that provided essential support on the battlefield.

Becoming an Eques

To become an eques, one needed substantial wealth. The minimum property requirement for entry into this social class varied over time but generally encompassed owning at least 400,000 sesterces (a Roman coin). However, financial status alone was not sufficient; one also needed to have good character and reputation.

Equestrian status was not solely hereditary but could be acquired through various means. Some individuals gained entry by performing distinguished military service, while others were appointed by the Roman emperor or elected to specific offices.

Significance in Roman History

The equites played a vital role in the political and economic life of ancient Rome. Their status bridged the gap between the senatorial class and the common citizens, providing a link between the ruling elite and the general population.

During periods of instability, such as in the late Republic, equites often sided with populist politicians who championed their cause against the senatorial class. This support from influential members of the equestrian order significantly influenced political outcomes.

Conclusion

The equites were an influential social class in ancient Rome. Their wealth, privileges, and responsibilities set them apart from other citizens.

The equestrian order played a significant role in shaping Roman history, particularly during times of political turmoil. By understanding their position within society, we gain valuable insights into the complex dynamics that existed in one of history’s most fascinating civilizations.