In this article, we will explore the two foundation myths of Rome. These myths are essential to understanding the cultural and historical significance of the city.
The Myth of Romulus and Remus
The first foundation myth tells the story of Romulus and Remus, twin brothers who were abandoned as infants and raised by a she-wolf. As they grew older, Romulus and Remus decided to establish a city of their own. However, a dispute arose between them regarding its location.
Romulus favored the Palatine Hill, while Remus preferred the Aventine Hill. Unable to reach a compromise, they turned to the gods for guidance. According to legend, each brother sought a sign from the gods by observing birds in flight.
Remus claimed to have seen six vultures first, signaling divine approval for his chosen hill. However, Romulus countered this by stating that he had witnessed twelve vultures second, indicating greater support from the gods.
This disagreement escalated into a violent argument, resulting in Romulus killing Remus. With his brother out of the way, Romulus went on to found Rome in 753 BC on the Palatine Hill. He became its first king and ruled for many years.
The Myth of Aeneas
The second foundation myth revolves around Aeneas, a Trojan hero who fled the burning city of Troy after its defeat by the Greeks. After many trials and adventures at sea, Aeneas arrived in Italy with his followers.
Aeneas’ journey was not without challenges:
- The Cyclops: Aeneas encountered the Cyclops Polyphemus, who devoured some of his men.
- The Sirens: He resisted the enchanting songs of the Sirens that lured sailors to their deaths.
- The Underworld: Aeneas descended into the Underworld to seek guidance from his father’s spirit.
Once in Italy, Aeneas sought an alliance with a local king named Latinus. Through a series of events, he married Latinus’ daughter, Lavinia, and founded a new city called Lavinium. Their son, Silvius, eventually succeeded Aeneas as king.
Aeneas’ descendants would later establish Alba Longa, another important city in the region. From the line of Alba Longa’s kings emerged Romulus and Remus, who would go on to found Rome itself.
In Conclusion
The foundation myths of Rome provide us with fascinating tales that blend history and legend. The story of Romulus and Remus highlights the ambition and conflict that shaped Rome’s early history. Meanwhile, the myth of Aeneas connects Rome to its Trojan roots and emphasizes the city’s divine origins.
By understanding these foundation myths, we gain deeper insight into Rome’s cultural identity and appreciate how these stories have influenced its art, literature, and political structure throughout history.