What Happened at the Defenestration of Prague?

By Anna Duncan

The Defenestration of Prague is one of the most significant events in European history. It was a pivotal moment that led to the Thirty Years’ War, a conflict that lasted from 1618 to 1648, and involved most of the major powers in Europe at the time. The defenestration itself was an act of violence that occurred in Prague on May 23, 1618.

The Causes of the Defenestration

The immediate cause of the defenestration was religious tensions between Protestants and Catholics in Bohemia, a region that is now part of the Czech Republic. The Protestant nobility had been growing increasingly frustrated with the policies of Ferdinand II, who had recently been elected as King of Bohemia and was a devout Catholic.

The Protestants’ Demands

The Protestant nobility had presented Ferdinand with a list of demands, known as the Letter of Majesty, which guaranteed religious freedom for Protestants in Bohemia. Ferdinand refused to grant these demands, and instead began to suppress Protestantism in the region.

The Protestants’ Response

In response, the Protestant nobility organized a revolt against Ferdinand’s rule. They stormed Prague Castle on May 23, 1618, and threw two Catholic officials out of a window on the third floor. The officials survived the fall due to landing on a pile of manure below.

The Aftermath

The defenestration sparked widespread outrage among Catholics throughout Europe. It also marked the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War, which would devastate much of Central Europe before finally coming to an end in 1648.

The Role Played by Foreign Powers

Foreign powers became involved in the conflict soon after it began. The Holy Roman Empire entered on behalf of Ferdinand II while Denmark and Sweden supported Protestant forces.

France also intervened, but only to advance its own interests. The war eventually became a complex web of alliances and proxy conflicts that drew in most of the major powers in Europe.

Conclusion

The Defenestration of Prague was a turning point in European history. It marked the beginning of a long and bloody conflict that would shape the continent for decades to come. By examining its causes and aftermath, we can gain a better understanding of the religious and political tensions that existed in Europe during this period, as well as the role played by foreign powers in shaping events on the continent.