What Happened at the Prague Spring?

By Robert Palmer

The Prague Spring was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia that began on January 5, 1968 and ended with the Soviet-led invasion of the country on August 21, 1968.

The Beginning of the Prague Spring

January 5, 1968: Alexander Dubček became the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPC) and initiated a series of reforms known as the Prague Spring. Dubček’s reforms were aimed at creating “socialism with a human face” and included greater freedom of speech, press, and movement.

March 27, 1968: The CPC approved a new constitution that guaranteed civil rights and political freedoms to all citizens. This marked a significant departure from the repressive policies of the past.

The Soviet Response

July 23-25, 1968: A meeting of top Soviet officials took place in Crimea to discuss the situation in Czechoslovakia. The Soviet leadership was alarmed by Dubček’s reforms and feared that they could spread to other countries in Eastern Europe.

August 20-21, 1968: In the early hours of August 21, approximately 200,000 Warsaw Pact troops invaded Czechoslovakia. The move was intended to crush the Prague Spring and restore Soviet control over the country.

The Aftermath

August-November 1968: The Soviet Union installed a new government in Czechoslovakia led by hardliners who reversed many of Dubček’s reforms. Thousands of people were arrested and imprisoned for their involvement in the Prague Spring.

April-June 1969: Jan Palach, a student protester who had set himself on fire in protest against the Soviet invasion, died from his injuries. His death sparked a wave of protests across Czechoslovakia.

Conclusion

The Prague Spring was a brief but significant period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia. While it ultimately ended in tragedy with the Soviet-led invasion and subsequent crackdown, it remains an important symbol of resistance against authoritarianism and a reminder of the ongoing struggle for freedom and democracy.