The Big Wall in Rome, also known as the Aurelian Wall or the Walls of Rome, is a monumental structure that played a significant role in the defense and history of ancient Rome. This massive fortification system was constructed between 271 AD and 275 AD during the reign of Emperor Aurelian.
Why Was the Wall Built?
The primary purpose of building the Aurelian Wall was to protect the city of Rome from external threats and invasions. At that time, Rome had experienced several attacks from various barbarian tribes, such as the Goths and Vandals. These invasions weakened the city’s defenses and caused widespread destruction.
To ensure the safety and security of Rome, Emperor Aurelian initiated the construction of a strong defensive wall surrounding the city. The wall was designed to enclose an area of approximately 13 square kilometers (5 square miles) and had a perimeter of about 19 kilometers (12 miles).
Features and Construction
The Wall Structure: The Aurelian Wall was built using a combination of bricks and concrete. It stood at an impressive height of around 8 meters (26 feet) and had a thickness ranging from 3 to 5 meters (10 to 16 feet). The wall featured over 300 towers at regular intervals, providing additional defense against potential attackers.
Gates: The wall included several gates, allowing entry and exit points for both citizens and soldiers. Some notable gates were Porta Nomentana, Porta Asinaria, Porta Tiburtina, Porta San Giovanni, Porta Latina, Porta Appia, Porta Metronia, and Porta Ostiensis.
Moat: To enhance its defensive capabilities further, a deep moat was constructed in front of the wall. This moat acted as an additional barrier for attackers, making it harder for them to breach the fortification.
Significance and Legacy
The construction of the Aurelian Wall had a profound impact on Rome’s history and defense strategy. It not only protected the city from future invasions but also served as a symbol of Rome’s strength and resilience.
Preservation: Despite facing numerous challenges over the centuries, substantial portions of the Aurelian Wall have survived to this day. These remnants stand as a testament to ancient Roman engineering and are now popular tourist attractions in Rome.
Tourist Attractions: Visitors can explore various sections of the wall, such as the Porta San Sebastiano Museum, which provides insights into Rome’s ancient defenses. Walking along these historic walls offers a unique perspective on the city and its rich past.
In conclusion,
The Big Wall in Rome, also known as the Aurelian Wall, was built to protect ancient Rome from external threats during Emperor Aurelian’s reign. Its massive structure, fortified with towers and gates, showcased Rome’s strength and provided much-needed security for its citizens. Today, these remnants serve as a reminder of Rome’s great history and attract tourists from around the world.
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