What Is the Message of London by William Blake?

By Robert Palmer

William Blake’s poem “London” is a powerful commentary on the social and political conditions of the city during the Industrial Revolution. Written in 1794, the poem reflects Blake’s deep concern for the plight of the poor and his belief that their suffering was a direct result of the oppressive nature of society.

Overview

The poem consists of four quatrains, each with a strict ABAB rhyme scheme. In each stanza, Blake describes different aspects of life in London, from the “chartered streets” to the “mind-forged manacles” that bind its citizens. Through vivid imagery and powerful language, he paints a bleak picture of a city that is both physically and spiritually polluted.

Themes

One of the main themes of “London” is oppression. Blake believed that society was responsible for the poverty and suffering of its citizens, and he saw oppression everywhere he looked in London. The “marks” on people’s faces suggest physical abuse or disease, while the “every face” that he sees expresses despair and hopelessness.

Another theme is corruption. The “midnight streets” suggest an underworld where immoral acts take place under cover of darkness.

The “harlot’s curse” suggests a society where women are exploited for profit by those in power. For Blake, corruption was not just a moral failing but also a symptom of a broader social disease.

Imagery

Blake uses vivid imagery throughout “London” to create a powerful sense of atmosphere and mood. The repetition of words like “chartered,” “mark,” and “every” reinforces his message about oppression, while phrases like “blackening church,” “youthful harlot,” and “new-born infant’s tear” create vivid mental images that stick with readers long after they have finished reading.

Tone

The tone of “London” is one of despair and hopelessness, reflecting Blake’s belief that society was fundamentally broken. The repetition of the word “cry” throughout the poem suggests a sense of anguish and desperation, while phrases like “blights with plagues” and “blasts the new-born infant’s tear” suggest a world that is cruel and unforgiving.

Conclusion

In conclusion, William Blake’s poem “London” is a powerful commentary on the social and political conditions of the city during the Industrial Revolution. Through vivid imagery, powerful language, and a bleak tone, Blake conveys his deep concern for the plight of the poor and his belief that their suffering was a direct result of the oppressive nature of society. The message of “London” is as relevant today as it was over two hundred years ago, reminding us that we must remain vigilant against oppression and corruption in all its forms.