What Is the Treaty of Madrid in Belize?

By Alice Nichols

The Treaty of Madrid, also known as the Treaty of Peace between Great Britain and Spain, was signed in 1670. It is a significant event in Belize’s history as it defined the borders between British Honduras (now Belize) and Spanish Guatemala. The treaty was signed after several years of conflicts between the two countries due to territorial disputes.

Background

Before the signing of the Treaty of Madrid, Spain claimed the entire territory of Central America, including British Honduras. The Spanish also had several military outposts in the region to enforce their claim. However, by the mid-17th century, British settlers had established themselves along the coast of what is now Belize.

The Spanish saw this as a threat to their claim, and tensions rose between Britain and Spain. The Spanish even went as far as attacking British settlements in 1643 and 1717.

The Treaty

In 1670, both countries agreed to sign a treaty that would define their territorial boundaries in Central America. The Treaty of Madrid established that the Sibun River would mark the boundary between British Honduras and Spanish Guatemala.

The treaty also allowed British settlers to continue logging in Belizean forests for mahogany and other valuable resources. In exchange, they had to pay a tax on all exports from Belize to Spain.

Impact

The Treaty of Madrid had a significant impact on Belize’s history. It ensured that Britain would have control over its territory in Central America and allowed for continued economic growth through logging and trade with Spain.

However, it also created tension between the Maya people living in what is now Belize and both Britain and Spain. The treaty did not recognize their rights or ownership over their land, which led to conflicts that still exist today.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Treaty of Madrid was a crucial event in Belize’s history that helped establish its borders and allowed for continued economic growth. However, it also had negative impacts on the Maya people living in the region. It is important to understand and acknowledge both the positive and negative effects of historical events like this to fully comprehend their significance.