What Is the Underground in Rome Called?
When exploring the rich history and ancient ruins of Rome, you may have heard of an intriguing underworld hidden beneath the bustling city streets. This underground network is known as the hypogeum, a term derived from the Greek words “hypo” meaning under and “gea” meaning earth. The hypogeum in Rome is a fascinating subterranean world that offers a unique glimpse into the past.
The Catacombs of Rome
One of the most famous portions of Rome’s hypogeum is the catacombs. These intricate underground burial sites were primarily used by early Christians as a place to bury their dead. The catacombs are renowned for their labyrinthine tunnels, which consist of various levels and chambers.
The catacombs served not only as burial grounds but also as meeting places for early Christian communities. These underground spaces provided refuge and allowed Christians to practice their faith discreetly during times of persecution.
Exploring the Catacombs
If you’re planning to visit Rome, exploring the catacombs should definitely be on your itinerary. While there are several catacombs in Rome, some of the most well-known ones include:
- Catacombs of San Callisto: Located along the Appian Way, this vast complex contains numerous tombs and crypts.
- Catacombs of Domitilla: These catacombs boast stunning frescoes and are among the largest in Rome.
- Catacombs of Priscilla: Known for its ancient artwork, this site is dedicated to Saint Priscilla.
When exploring the catacombs, it’s important to be respectful of the sacred nature of these sites. Remember to dress modestly and follow any guidelines or restrictions provided by the guides.
The Cloaca Maxima
Another remarkable feature of Rome’s underground network is the Cloaca Maxima, a massive ancient sewer system. The Cloaca Maxima, or “Great Drain,” was one of the earliest sewage systems in Rome and played a vital role in keeping the city clean and hygienic.
This impressive engineering feat constructed during the reign of Tarquinius Priscus, one of Rome’s early kings, collected wastewater from various sources and transported it away from the city. The Cloaca Maxima served as an essential component of Rome’s sanitation infrastructure.
Discovering the Cloaca Maxima
Although not as commonly visited as the catacombs, exploring the remains of the Cloaca Maxima can provide valuable insights into ancient Roman engineering. Today, you can catch glimpses of this historic sewer system near the Roman Forum and Circus Maximus.
As you wander through Rome’s streets, keep an eye out for small openings or grates that offer a peek into this impressive underground structure.
The Basilicas Substructures
Rome’s underground also encompasses substructures beneath its magnificent basilicas. These hidden spaces contain historical artifacts, ancient ruins, and even secret passageways.
Saint Clement Basilica: Located near the Colosseum, Saint Clement Basilica features an underground archaeological site that includes layers dating back to ancient Roman times. Visitors can explore different levels that showcase Roman buildings built on top of each other over centuries.
Saint Peter’s Basilica: Beneath the grandeur of Saint Peter’s Basilica lies a complex network of underground areas. These include the Vatican Grottoes, which house the tombs of popes throughout history, and the Scavi, an archaeological site that reveals ancient Roman necropolises.
Unveiling the Underground
Visiting these underground spaces can be a truly captivating experience. They offer a unique perspective on Rome’s layered history and provide an opportunity to witness remarkable architectural achievements.
Whether you choose to explore the catacombs, admire the ancient Cloaca Maxima, or delve into the substructures beneath Rome’s basilicas, be prepared to embark on a journey through time as you uncover the secrets of Rome’s underground world.