What Was the Capital of Latium Before Rome Was Built?

By Robert Palmer

What Was the Capital of Latium Before Rome Was Built?

Before the rise of Rome as a dominant power, the region of Latium had its own capital city. This city was Alba Longa, which played a significant role in the early history of the Roman civilization.

The Foundation of Alba Longa

According to ancient legends, Alba Longa was founded by Ascanius, also known as Iulus, the son of Aeneas. Aeneas himself was a Trojan hero who fled from his fallen city after the Trojan War. Ascanius, along with his followers, settled in Latium and established Alba Longa as their capital.

The Importance of Alba Longa

Alba Longa held immense importance in the region. It became a significant center for trade and agriculture due to its strategic location on the slopes of Mount Albanus. The city’s fertile lands allowed its inhabitants to engage in farming and cultivate various crops.

Leadership Structure:

  • Rex: The city was ruled by a Rex or king who held both religious and political power.
  • Priests: Religious rituals were an integral part of life in Alba Longa, and priests played a crucial role in maintaining divine favor.
  • Senate: A Senate consisting of noble families advised and assisted the Rex in making important decisions for the city.

The Fall of Alba Longa

Despite its prominence, Alba Longa eventually faced internal conflicts and external threats that led to its downfall. The most notable conflict was between two brothers – Numitor and Amulius – who fought for control over the city.

In this power struggle, Amulius emerged victorious and became the new Rex. To solidify his position, he dethroned Numitor and forced his daughter, Rhea Silvia, to become a Vestal Virgin to ensure she wouldn’t bear any heirs.

However, fate had a different plan. Rhea Silvia gave birth to twin sons named Romulus and Remus. Amulius ordered the infants to be abandoned in the Tiber River, hoping to eliminate any potential threats to his reign.

The Rise of Rome

Fortunately for Romulus and Remus, they were saved by a she-wolf who nurtured and protected them until a shepherd discovered them. The brothers grew up unaware of their noble heritage but eventually learned the truth.

In their quest for revenge against Amulius, Romulus and Remus established their own city on the Palatine Hill. This city would later become known as Rome, surpassing Alba Longa in power and influence.

In Conclusion

Alba Longa served as an important precursor to Rome. Its foundation by Ascanius marked the beginning of a civilization that would shape the course of history. Although Alba Longa’s prominence diminished over time, its legacy lives on through Rome’s rise as one of the greatest empires in history.

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