When Did Rome Become Capital of Italy?
Rome, the Eternal City, has a rich and fascinating history that dates back thousands of years. It is not only known for its ancient ruins and iconic landmarks but also for its significance as the capital city of Italy.
But when did Rome become the capital of Italy? Let’s delve into the historical timeline and find out.
The Unification of Italy
The story begins in the 19th century when Italy was a fragmented land divided into several independent states. The dream of a unified Italy had been nurtured by many intellectuals and patriots for years, but it was only in 1861 that this dream became a reality.
On March 17, 1861, the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed, with Victor Emmanuel II as its king. However, Rome was not yet part of this newly formed kingdom. At that time, Rome was under the control of Pope Pius IX, who considered himself to be the ruler of an independent state known as the Papal States.
The Capture of Rome
It took almost a decade for Italy to complete its unification process and bring all regions under its control. One significant event that led to the establishment of Rome as the capital city was the capture of Rome.
In September 1870, Italian troops entered Rome after defeating the Papal forces during the Battle of Porta Pia. This military action marked the end of papal rule over Rome and paved the way for its incorporation into the Kingdom of Italy.
Rome Becomes Capital
Following the capture of Rome, on July 1, 1871, the Italian Parliament passed the Law of Papal Guarantees. This law recognized the sovereignty of the Pope and granted him certain privileges, but it also declared Rome as the capital of Italy.
Rome’s elevation to the status of a capital city was a significant milestone in Italian history. It symbolized the completion of Italy’s unification process and solidified Rome’s position as the political and administrative center of the country.
The Vatican City
It is worth mentioning that even after Rome became the capital, a small area within its boundaries remained under papal control. This area became known as Vatican City, an independent city-state that serves as the spiritual and administrative headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church.
In Conclusion
In summary, Rome became the capital of Italy on July 1, 1871, following its capture by Italian forces during the unification process. This marked a significant turning point in Italian history and solidified Rome’s position as one of the most important cities in Europe. Today, Rome continues to captivate visitors with its rich historical heritage and serves as a testament to Italy’s past glory.