When Was Madrid the Capital of Spain Founded?

By Robert Palmer

Madrid has been the capital of Spain since 1561. This makes it one of the youngest capital cities in Europe, but that doesn’t mean it has any less history or importance.

The History of Madrid

The area where Madrid is located has been inhabited since prehistoric times. However, the city itself was founded in the 9th century when the Emir Muhammad I of Córdoba built a fortress on the banks of the Manzanares River. The fortress was called Mayrit, which means “place of abundant water” in Arabic.

Over time, Mayrit grew into a small town and was eventually conquered by Christian forces in 1085. The town continued to grow under Christian rule and became an important center for commerce and culture.

Moving the Capital

For centuries, Spain’s capital was Toledo, which is about 70 kilometers south of Madrid. However, as Spain grew in power and influence during the 16th century, King Philip II decided that it was time to move the capital closer to the center of the country.

In 1561, Philip II made Madrid his new capital city. He wanted to create a grand city that would reflect Spain’s new status as a global superpower. To achieve this goal, he brought architects and artists from all over Europe to design and build palaces, churches, and public spaces.

The Growth of Madrid

Under Philip II’s rule, Madrid grew rapidly. The population increased from around 12,000 people in 1561 to over 80,000 by 1600. Many of the city’s most famous landmarks were built during this time period including:

  • The Royal Palace of Madrid
  • The Plaza Mayor
  • The Puerta del Sol
  • The Monastery of El Escorial (located just outside of Madrid)

Modern-Day Madrid

Today, Madrid is a bustling metropolis with a population of over 3 million people. It is known for its museums, parks, and nightlife. Some of the city’s most famous attractions include:

  • The Prado Museum
  • The Retiro Park
  • The Royal Palace of Madrid (which is still used by the Spanish royal family for state ceremonies)
  • The Gran Vía (a famous shopping street)

Conclusion

So, when was Madrid the capital of Spain founded? The answer is 1561.

Since then, the city has grown and become a cultural and economic center for Spain and Europe. Its history and architecture make it a must-see destination for anyone visiting Spain.

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