When Was the Second Founding of Rome?

By Robert Palmer

The Second Founding of Rome is a significant event in the city’s history. It marked a crucial turning point and brought about substantial changes in the political and social structure of ancient Rome. This article will delve into the details of when the Second Founding took place and its impact on Roman civilization.

The Second Founding: A Momentous Event

The Second Founding of Rome, also known as the Second Foundation, occurred in 753 BC. It followed the legendary First Founding of Rome by Romulus in 753 BC, which established the city as a small settlement on the Palatine Hill.

However, it was during the Second Founding that Rome truly began to flourish. This event marked the transition from a small village to a thriving city-state that would eventually become one of the greatest empires in history.

Key Changes and Reforms

The Second Founding brought about several significant changes and reforms that shaped the future of Rome. Some notable developments include:

  • Expansion: The city expanded beyond the Palatine Hill, with new settlements being established on six other hills: Aventine, Caelian, Esquiline, Quirinal, Viminal, and Capitoline.
  • Social Structure: The population grew rapidly, leading to increased social stratification. The patricians (nobles) gained more power while plebeians (commoners) fought for their rights and representation.
  • Roman Senate: The Senate was formed during this period to serve as an advisory body to Rome’s leaders.

    It played a vital role in shaping legislation and guiding governmental decisions.

  • Law Code: The Twelve Tables, a set of laws, were established to ensure fairness and uniformity in the legal system. These tables formed the basis of Roman law for centuries to come.

Legacy and Significance

The Second Founding of Rome laid the foundation for the Roman Republic, which lasted for over four centuries. The reforms and institutions introduced during this period played a crucial role in shaping Roman society, politics, and governance.

Furthermore, the city’s expansion allowed Rome to exert influence over neighboring territories and establish itself as a dominant power in Italy. This eventually led to the conquest of numerous civilizations and the establishment of one of history’s most formidable empires.

Conclusion

The Second Founding of Rome in 753 BC marked a turning point in ancient Roman history. It brought about significant changes and reforms that shaped the city’s future trajectory. From expanding its borders to establishing new institutions, this event laid the groundwork for Rome’s rise as a dominant force in the ancient world.

By understanding the Second Founding, we gain valuable insights into how Rome evolved from a humble village into a mighty empire that left an indelible mark on human civilization.

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