In the historical accounts of the founding of Rome, there are two prominent figures that often come to mind – Aeneas and Romulus. Both figures have been attributed to the establishment of this great city, but who truly founded Rome? Let’s delve into the legends and historical accounts to uncover the truth.
The Legend of Aeneas
According to ancient Roman mythology, Aeneas was a Trojan hero who fled his city after it was sacked by the Greeks during the Trojan War. Guided by fate and divine intervention, Aeneas embarked on a long and arduous journey which eventually led him to the Italian peninsula. It is believed that he landed in Latium, where he established a settlement.
Legend has it that Aeneas formed alliances with local Latin tribes and married Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Together, they founded a new city called Lavinium. As time went on, their descendants would go on to establish Alba Longa, which eventually gave rise to Rome.
The Tale of Romulus and Remus
Another well-known legend surrounding the founding of Rome revolves around twin brothers named Romulus and Remus. Born as descendants of Aeneas himself, they were abandoned as infants and left to die by order of their vengeful great-uncle Amulius. However, they were miraculously saved by a she-wolf who nurtured them until they were discovered by a shepherd.
As adults, Romulus and Remus sought to establish their own city. However, conflict arose between them over its location.
Legend has it that Romulus favored the Palatine Hill while Remus preferred the Aventine Hill. Unable to resolve their differences peacefully, they decided to settle it through divine intervention.
Romulus stood on the Palatine Hill while Remus stood on the Aventine Hill. They awaited a sign from the gods to determine who would be the rightful founder of Rome.
It is said that when Remus saw six vultures, he claimed victory. But shortly after, Romulus spotted twelve vultures and declared himself as the true founder.
Historical Perspectives
While these legends provide fascinating tales of Rome’s origins, it is important to note that historical accounts often differ from mythical narratives. From a historical standpoint, it is widely accepted that Rome was founded by Romulus in 753 BCE.
Although Aeneas played a significant role in Roman mythology and had descendants who contributed to the city’s foundation, it was Romulus who established Rome as a city-state and its first king. The story of Aeneas served more as a link between Troy and Rome, solidifying Rome’s divine origins.
In Conclusion
While both Aeneas and Romulus hold significant places in Roman mythology, it was Romulus who ultimately founded the city of Rome according to historical records. The legends surrounding Aeneas reflect the Romans’ desire to connect their city to a legendary past and establish its divine heritage.
The stories of Aeneas and Romulus continue to captivate our imagination, reminding us of the rich history behind this majestic city that has left an indelible mark on civilization.