Why Does the New Madrid Fault Exist?

By Michael Ferguson

The New Madrid Fault, also known as the New Madrid Seismic Zone, is a highly active area in the United States. It stretches from northeastern Arkansas to southern Illinois, through Missouri, western Tennessee, and Kentucky.

The fault line has been responsible for some of the most significant earthquakes ever recorded in North America. But why does the New Madrid Fault exist?

Geological Formation

The New Madrid Fault exists because of geological forces that have been shaping the North American continent for millions of years. The fault is part of a larger system of faults that run through the central United States and are related to the opening of the Atlantic Ocean.

Plate Tectonics

The North American continent sits on top of several tectonic plates, including the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate. These plates are constantly moving and shifting due to geological forces deep within the Earth.

The Reelfoot Rift

The New Madrid Fault is located in an area known as the Reelfoot Rift. This area formed around 500 million years ago when a series of faults developed beneath what is now western Tennessee, eastern Arkansas, and southeastern Missouri.

Earthquakes Along The Fault

Since its discovery in 1811-1812, The New Madrid Fault has experienced several large earthquakes that caused significant damage across multiple states.

The 1811-1812 Earthquakes

The most famous earthquakes along this fault line occurred between December 16th, 1811 & February 7th, 1812. These quakes had magnitudes estimated between 7.0 -8.0 and were felt as far away as Boston and Montreal.

Recent Activity

While there hasn’t been any major earthquake activity along this fault since 1811-12, it remains an active area today. Scientists have recorded over 4,000 small quakes in the region since 1974.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the New Madrid Fault exists due to geological forces that have been shaping the North American continent for millions of years. The fault is part of a larger system of faults that run through the central United States and is related to the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. While there hasn’t been any major earthquake activity along this fault since 1811-1812, it remains an active area today and continues to be monitored by scientists.