Why Rome Is Called the City of Seven Hills?
Rome, the Eternal City, is often referred to as the “City of Seven Hills.” This title is not just a poetic reference, but it has a deep historical significance. The seven hills of Rome played a crucial role in shaping the city’s geography, architecture, and even its mythology.
The Seven Hills
Rome is built on seven prominent hills that surround the city center. Let’s take a closer look at each of these hills:
- Palatine Hill: This hill is the most central and important among the seven. According to Roman mythology, it is believed to be the site where Romulus founded Rome in 753 BC. The Palatine Hill was also home to many emperors’ extravagant palaces.
- Aventine Hill: Located on the southern side of Rome, this hill offers stunning views of the Tiber River. In ancient times, it was predominantly a residential area for wealthy Romans.
- Caelian Hill: Situated southeast of Palatine Hill, Caelian Hill was known for its luxurious houses and beautiful gardens.
Today, it houses several important landmarks such as the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano.
- Capitoline Hill: Capitoline Hill is not only one of Rome’s seven hills but also one of its most famous landmarks. It was considered sacred and dedicated to Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva.
- Esquiline Hill: The largest among the seven hills, Esquiline Hill was densely populated in ancient times. It houses famous sites like Santa Maria Maggiore, one of Rome’s major basilicas.
- Quirinal Hill: Quirinal Hill is known for its historical significance as the residence of the Pope. Today, it is home to the official residence of the President of the Italian Republic.
- Viminal Hill: The smallest hill among the seven, Viminal Hill was mainly used for defensive purposes. It is now known for its proximity to Termini Station, Rome’s main transportation hub.
The Significance
The seven hills of Rome not only defined the city’s topography but also influenced its development and expansion. Due to their strategic positions, these hills offered natural defenses against external threats. The early Romans took advantage of this geographical feature by building fortifications on each hilltop, ensuring the protection and security of their city.
The hills also played a significant role in shaping Rome’s architectural landscape. Many important structures and monuments were constructed on or around these hills, making them integral parts of Rome’s history and identity.
The Mythological Connection
Rome has a rich mythology that intertwines with its founding story. According to legend, Romulus and Remus were abandoned on Palatine Hill as infants and were raised by a she-wolf.
As adults, they decided to establish a city on the same hill where they were nurtured. This mythical tale adds an enchanting layer to the significance of Palatine Hill as it marks the birthplace of Rome itself.
In conclusion, Rome’s designation as the “City of Seven Hills” is not merely a poetic description but holds historical and cultural significance. These seven hills have shaped Rome’s geography, provided natural defenses, influenced its architecture, and are deeply intertwined with its mythological origins. Exploring these hills allows us to delve into the fascinating history of one of the world’s most captivating cities.